The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a chemically distinct material phase formed by a
combination of electrochemical reduction and chemical reactions at both the explicit and
implicit interfaces in all electrochemical cells. The structure, chemistry, and thermodynamics
of the materials that accumulate in such interfacial material phases have emerged over the
last decade to play crucial roles in achieving high levels of anode reversibility in secondary
batteries, especially in systems where electrochemically active metals are used as anodes …