Blockchain technology is emerging in various domains (eg, supply chain, banking, healthcare) to implement business processes without requiring trusted third parties. However, writing blockchainbased applications (BBAs) is error-prone, and development mistakes are critical since once the smart contract is deployed, its source code can be examined but cannot be modified. Model-driven engineering (MDE) can help overcome these challenges, supporting the secure and fast development of BBAs. In this paper, we utilised the systematic literature review to explore the existing MDE techniques. This study proposes a characterisation of some of the current existing MDE techniques for BBAs that might help in selecting the right modeling technique for building these applications. Our work has revealed several gaps in the current MDE techniques that we addressed in future work.