… We assessed the environmental impact of the three production systems by using a rating
index 25 employed by scientists and growers to determine the potential adverse impact of …

… could help to reduce the environmental impacts for most of … or organic apple production
system, the environmental impacts … towards more sustainable apple production systems. In order …

… My research team wanted to look at a number of indicators of environmental and economic
sustainability with these three apple production systems — the first objective of the study. …

… Apple is one of the most important cash crops in China. … apple production systems and
management practices in China. These problems have to do with the low productivity of apple …

… sustainability of the Chinese agricultural production system. China's apple production is
important to consider from the perspective of agricultural sustainability for several reasons. First, …

… of “good” and “best” IPM practices at the orchard level and with consideration of the entire
production system. In the following sections, we discuss how the configuration and selection of …

… such as ‘integrated fruit production’, ‘organic farming’, and ‘… sustainable systems of apple
production. Secondly, taking inspiration from ‘agroforestry’ we show that apple-based systems …

… of apple-growing within a well defined farming system affects environmental impacts. A four-year
… the variability of different environmental impacts. For the total of 445 annual data sets of …

… the environmental and economic sustainability of apple orchards under two distinct systems
(… This need to find a production system with a lower environmental impact also derives from …

… Our modern apple production systems have … modern farming systems, increased productivity
often results in undesirable environmental impacts, which lower the overall sustainability of …