A circuit topology including stacked power amplifiers (eg, class D PA cells) in a ladder
arranged in a house-of-cards topology such that the number of stacked-domains follows a
decaying triangular series N, N− 1, N− 2,..., N− i from a fixed ladder to an i th ladder to
provide a 1:(i+ 1) voltage conversion ratio, each stacked domain outputs its power via a
flying domain power amplifier cell, and each ladder balances stacked domains of a prior
ladder and combines power from all prior ladders.