Since its introduction nearly two decades ago, transfer entropy has contributed to an
improved understanding of cause-and-effect relationships in coupled dynamical systems
from raw time series. In the context of animal behavior, transfer entropy might help explain
the determinants of leadership in social groups and elucidate escape response to predator
attacks. Despite its promise, the potential of transfer entropy in animal behavior is yet to be
fully tested, and a number of technical challenges in information theory and statistics remain …