… nurse effect take place, as in most of the key studies on cushions … by the refined stress-gradient
hypothesis? Specifically, we … plants positively or negatively associated with cushions of T. …

… nurse effect take place, as in most of the key studies on cushions … by the refined stress-gradient
hypothesis? Specifically, we … plants positively or negatively associated with cushions of T. …

… Conclusion While the stress gradient hypothesis was not … Improving our understanding of
plant–plant interactions … could be an important confounding factor, neither our visual inspection …

… species presence/absence effect size estimates were tested as plant responses to nurse …
, the effect of cushion plants will first be extended to assess effects on other plant species …

… test the stress gradient hypothesis. Our objective was to investigate the hypothesis that
interspecific plant-plant … environment, the greater the positive impact of the interaction. However, …

… cushions (Butterfield and Callaway, 2013; Soliveres et al., 2014; Schöb et al., 2017). We
hypothesized that plants … We also tested whether the success of a species invading a cushion …

… We conducted permutation tests for three-way ANOVAs to assess the effects of the site,
phenotype and group treatments and their interactions on RII abundance calculated at the group …

… indicate significant differences using Duncan’s test (P < 0.05). Asterisks … effect in this species
combination (Forrester 2014). Unlike spatial correlation and the stress gradient hypothesis, …

… Temperature has direct effects on alpine cushion plants by setting limits to species’ fundamental
niches, and indirect effects by changing some ecological processes (Graae et al. 2018). …

… This thesis provides insight into the main vegetation types, clonality in plants, plant-plant …
Testing the stress-gradient hypothesis at the roof 93 of the world: effects of the cushion plant …