The covariant formulation of Maxwell's equations expressed in a form independent of specific units
The covariant formulation of Maxwell's equations can be expressed in a form independent of
the usual systems of units by introducing the constants α, β and γ into these equations.
Maxwell's equations involving these constants are then specialized to the most commonly
used systems of units: Gaussian, SI and Heaviside–Lorentz by giving the constants α, β and
γ the values appropriate to each system.
the usual systems of units by introducing the constants α, β and γ into these equations.
Maxwell's equations involving these constants are then specialized to the most commonly
used systems of units: Gaussian, SI and Heaviside–Lorentz by giving the constants α, β and
γ the values appropriate to each system.
Abstract
The covariant formulation of Maxwell's equations can be expressed in a form independent of the usual systems of units by introducing the constants α, β and γ into these equations. Maxwell's equations involving these constants are then specialized to the most commonly used systems of units: Gaussian, SI and Heaviside–Lorentz by giving the constants α, β and γ the values appropriate to each system.
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