The effects of nicotine dependence and acute abstinence on the processing of drug and non-drug rewards
Psychopharmacology, 2015•Springer
Rationale Drug addiction may be characterised by a hypersensitivity to drug rewards and a
hyposensitivity to non-drug rewards. This imbalance may become further polarised during
acute abstinence. Objectives (i) Examine the differences between dependent and
occasional smokers in choices for, motivation for and self-reported wanting and liking of
cigarette and non-drug rewards.(ii) Examine the effects of 12-h nicotine abstinence on these
metrics. Methods Dependent (n= 20) and occasional, non-dependent smokers (n= 20) were …
hyposensitivity to non-drug rewards. This imbalance may become further polarised during
acute abstinence. Objectives (i) Examine the differences between dependent and
occasional smokers in choices for, motivation for and self-reported wanting and liking of
cigarette and non-drug rewards.(ii) Examine the effects of 12-h nicotine abstinence on these
metrics. Methods Dependent (n= 20) and occasional, non-dependent smokers (n= 20) were …
Rationale
Drug addiction may be characterised by a hypersensitivity to drug rewards and a hyposensitivity to non-drug rewards. This imbalance may become further polarised during acute abstinence.
Objectives
(i) Examine the differences between dependent and occasional smokers in choices for, motivation for and self-reported wanting and liking of cigarette and non-drug rewards. (ii) Examine the effects of 12-h nicotine abstinence on these metrics.
Methods
Dependent (n = 20) and occasional, non-dependent smokers (n = 20) were tested after ad libitum smoking and ≥12-h of nicotine abstinence. A novel task was developed (Drug, Reward and Motivation–Choice (DReaM-Choice)) in which different rewards (cigarettes, music and chocolate) could be won. In each trial, participants chose between two rewards and then could earn the chosen reward via repeated button-pressing. Participants subsequently ‘consumed’ and rated subjective liking of the rewards they had won.
Results
Compared with occasional smokers, dependent smokers made more choices for (p < 0.001), pressed more for (p = 0.046) and reported more wanting (p = 0.007) and liking (p < 0.001) of cigarettes, and also made fewer choices for chocolate (p = 0.005). There were no differences between the groups on button-pressing for chocolate or music. However, the balance between drug and non-drug reward processing was different between the groups across all metrics. Twelve-hour nicotine abstinence led to more cigarette choices (p < 0.001) and fewer music choices (p = 0.042) in both groups.
Conclusions
Nicotine dependence was associated with a hypersensitivity to cigarette rewards, but we found little evidence indicating a hyposensitivity to non-drug rewards. Our findings question the moderating influence of dependence on how acute nicotine abstinence affects reward processing.
Springer
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