Although regulation of translation fidelity is an essential process 1–7, diverse organisms and
organelles have differing requirements of translational accuracy 8–15, and errors in gene
translation serve an adaptive function under certain conditions 16–20. Therefore, optimal
levels of fidelity may vary according to context. Most bacteria utilize a two-step pathway for
the specific synthesis of aminoacylated glutamine and/or asparagine tRNAs, involving the
glutamine amidotransferase GatCAB 21–25, but it had not been appreciated that GatCAB …