In conversation with another person, abundant emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, or fear may be expressed. People may react to the emotional expressions of others by smiling when another person smiles or feeling tears welling up in their eyes when the other person cries. People tend to mimic each other’s behaviors, postures, speech, and emotional expressions. They even mimic emotional expressions when the expression is shown subliminally (Dimberg, Thunberg, & Elmehed, 2000). The question that will be addressed in the current chapter is to what extent mimicking these emotional expressions helps people to better understand the emotions of others. It is important to provide an answer to this question, as it would enhance our comprehension of one important function of mimicry, namely to facilitate emotional understanding. Emotional understanding is defined as people’s ability to comprehend the emotions of others. One aspect of emotional understanding is recognizing which emotions are expressed. Another aspect is grasping how the other person may feel. This can be facilitated by actually experiencing the emotions oneself (affective empathy) or by understanding the person’s situation and thoughts, which facilitates inferring how the other person is feeling (cognitive empathy). Mimicry might facilitate all these aspects. The present chapter starts with an overview of the relevant theories that may provide an answer to these questions. Next, the chapter discusses empirical evidence in relation to the question whether mimicry enhances emotional understanding. Inconsistencies between studies will be reconciled and an interpretation will be provided as to whether and when mimicry facilitates emotional understanding.