… a means of studying drug self-administration that permitted for the experimental dissociation
of motivational and reinforcement processes in the control of drug-seeking behavior. …

… The present study established a novel mouse model of a runway drug self-administration in
our laboratory. The operant runway apparatus consisted of three long runways arranged in a …

… rate of self-administration and thereby makes the study of the drug more complicated/difficult
in such test situations. In contrast to this, the runway self-administration model … drug delivery. …

… or not the positive and negative effects of the drug can be spatially dissociated. Given the …
actions of the drug can be dissociated and hence may be mediated by the drug's actions on …

… the positive reinforcing effects of the drug, reports of negative aftereffects … runway model of
self-administration that is uniquely sensitive to both the positive and negative effects of a drug …

… seeking, decreased latency to reach a goal in the runway model of drug reward, and …
and Koob model was the assumption that a minimum threshold of drug exposure might be …

… Cocaine self-administration … of cocaine hydrochloride (cocaine) self-administration training
for all animals. Each animal was connected to the swivel drug delivery system by threading a …

… to develop a model of ethanolseeking and self-administration that would … drug seeking is
the first step to drug taking, and a novel runway model combined with the self-administration of …

… It can also be that in a test requiring but a single runway trial per day, the motoric load or
requirements for the animal are sufficiently low to mask any incapacitation that the drug might …

… animals’ responsiveness to a cocaine- or heroin-paired cue presented during extinction
would reflect differences in the patterns of prior cocaine and heroin runway self-administration. …