This paper reviews the method of surface Laplacian differentiation to study EEG. We focus
on topics that are helpful for a clear understanding of the underlying concepts and its
efficient implementation, which is especially important for EEG researchers unfamiliar with
the technique. The popular methods of finite difference and splines are reviewed in detail.
The former has the advantage of simplicity and low computational cost, but its estimates are
prone to a variety of errors due to discretization. The latter eliminates all issues related to …