Modeling of the acute impairment of cerebral blood flow was associated with disturbance of the thiol-disulfide balance, a decrease in NO-synthase activity, and an increase in the nitrotyrosine content, indicating the development of oxidative and nitrosative stress in brain tissue. Administration of thiotriazoline or α-lipoic acid resulted in the optimal ratio between the levels of reduced and oxidized thiol groups and glutathione, which demonstrates the active involvement of the thiol-disulfide system in the neutralization of products of free-radical oxidation. The effects of thiotriazoline or α-lipoic acid were related to the presence of thiol groups in their structures. Due to this, these drugs are able to normalize the glutathione system under conditions of oxidative stress.