Neonatal seizures constitute the most frequent presenting neurologic sign encountered in
the neonatal intensive care unit. Despite limited efficacy and safety data, phenobarbital
continues to be used near-universally as the first-line anti-seizure drug (ASD) in neonates.
The choice of second-line ASDs varies by provider and institution, and is still not supported
by sufficient scientific evidence. In this review, we discuss the available evidence supporting
the efficacy, mechanism of action, potential adverse effects, key pharmacokinetic …