Accurate dynamic driver head pose tracking is of great importance for driver–automotive
collaboration, intelligent copilot, head-up display (HUD), and other human-centered
automated driving applications. To further advance this technology, this article proposes a
low-cost and markerless head-tracking system using a deep learning-based dynamic head
pose estimation model. The proposed system requires only a red, green, blue (RGB) camera
without other hardware or markers. To enhance the accuracy of the driver's head pose …