… entirely linked to the adaptive immune system. Instead, these events also involve heightened
activation of innate immune cells. While trained innate immune cells may have a shorter …

… of innate immune cells and has been termed “trained immunity.” It has been hypothesized that
induction of trained immunity … the mechanisms of trained immunity responsible for the long-…

… When, however, after recovery from infection, the functional status of innate immune … of
innate immune cells, we define this status as trained immunity (Fig. 1). Thus, long-term, …

… been termed “trained immunity” or “innate immune memory.” … the intracellular immune
signaling of innate immune cells but … the innate immune cells’ capacity to respond to stimulation. …

… This means that the paradigm that we will discuss in this paper, that of trained innate
immunity (TI), does not pertain only to the innate immune component but is likely also to play a …

… and/or inflammatory stimuli so that the “trained” cells would be poised to respond much faster
and … immune responses to secondary stimuli. This review focuses on trained immunity and …

… It is based on epigenetic changes in innate immune cells (… potent inducers of innate
immune memory. Epigenetic cell … state of art on trained innate immunity occurring as a result of …

… ) or trained immunity (innate immune memory) … , and trained macrophages (innate immune
memory). This allowed the identification of pathways functionally implicated in innate immune …

… trained innate immunity that will aid with the design of future studies. First, induction of trained
immunity … time interval, the training period, with an increase in the training time leading to …

… Here, we propose a role for innate immune memory, also termed trained immunity, as a
driving mechanism of the association between infection, atherosclerosis, and ASCVD. …