Annotation. The aggravating effect of transnationalization for nature use is analyzed. Challenges on the way to sustainable development are discussed through the prism of social, ecological-economic and economic-ecological conceptual approaches. The concept of “ecological imperative” and the dialectic character of interactions in the triangle “state–TNC–environment” are studied. Two groups of factors pushing TNC to develop ecological management are defined. Various options of cross-border risk occurrence and potential developments of events are modeled. The practical utility of “environmental parity” concept is substantiated, which is about finding compromise solutions to reduce the threat for population and environment in a given country, coming from business operation in other countries.