A new particle source term to account for the effect of particles on the turbulence equations
based on the Euler/Lagrange approach is introduced and compared with existing models
and experimental data. Three different sizes of particles are considered to cover the range of
large particles, where augmentation of the carrier phase turbulence is expected, and small
particles, for which attenuation is expected. The new model is derived directly from the
balance equations of fluid flow and represents a combination of the so-called standard and …