Although the existence of nonlocal memories in hysteresis behavior of piezoelectric
materials has been demonstrated, their detailed and thorough properties have yet to be
revealed. Along this line, we disclose and demonstrate the underlying memory-dominant
nature of hysteresis, and characterize its important properties that must be considered for the
accurate prediction of hysteresis trajectory in piezoelectric materials. More specifically, the
concept of recording the turning points, targeting the previously recorded turning points …