Upper Gondwana deposits occur extensively across peninsular and extra-peninsular parts of India. The present study provides a critical palynological review of the Indian Upper Gondwana sequence, mainly focusing on the paleobotanical distribution, diversity, and transitions. The current problems and stratigraphic lacuna in dating and correlating the Upper Gondwana sequence of India are also discussed. The palynological data pertaining to the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods of Gondwana reveals the presence of four phases of floral transition, i.e., (I) the Triassic-Jurassic boundary flora (replacement of corystosperms by cheirolepidacean conifers); (II) the post-Toarcian flora (replacement of cheirolepidacean conifers by araucarian conifers); (III) the Tithonian-Valanginian flora (rise of araucarians and podocarps; (IV) the post-Hauterivian flora (appearance of angiosperms). These floral transitions were greatly affected by tectonic movements and eustatic changes. The palynostratigraphic correlation of Indian flora with other contemporaneous strata across the Gondwana continents shows its close similarity with eastern Antarctica and Australia constituting a single phytogeographic province.