Pregnant and lactating women and infants are vulnerable population groups for adverse
effects of toxic metals due to their high nutritional needs and the resultant increased
gastrointestinal absorption of both, essential and toxic elements. Although breastfeeding is
recommended for infants worldwide, as human milk is the best source of nutrients and other
required bioactive factors, it is also a pathway of maternal excretion of toxic substances
including toxic metals and thus a source of infant exposure. The aim of this research was to …