Community college transfer students encounter challenges progressing toward a bachelor's
degree, leading to widespread transfer credit loss. This in turn may lower students' chances
of credential completion and increase the time and costs for students, their families, and
taxpayers. In this study we review three definitions of credit transfer inefficiency--" credit
transferability,"" credit applicability," and" excess credits among completers"--focusing on the
last to examine why students who start at a community college and transfer to a four-year …