The study described in this paper developed a model of animal movement, which explicitly
recognised each individual as the central unit of measure. The model was developed by
learning from a real dataset that measured and calculated, for individual cows in a herd,
their linear and angular positions and directional and angular speeds. Two learning
algorithms were implemented: a Hidden Markov model (HMM) and a long-term prediction
algorithm. It is shown that a HMM can be used to describe the animal's movement and state …