Indonesia is the world’s largest producer of palm oil, and it currently contributes nearly half of all global palm oil production (FAO, 2016). In Indonesia, the land area of oil palm (Elaeis guineensisJacq) plantations has expanded rapidly over the last few decades, having increased from 1 million ha in 1990 to 11 million ha in 2014 (IMOA, 2014). This rapid expansion of oil palm plantations has occurred with the encouragement of the Indonesian government, which aims to acquire foreign currency, in many cases at the cost of losing natural tropical forest, thus threatening natural ecosystems with some of the richest biodiversity in the world (Carlson et al., 2012; Margono et al., 2014). Indonesia is expected to double its palm oil production during 2010–2030 (Gilbert, 2012). On the other hand, palm oil mills, which process fresh fruit bunches into crude palm oil through highpressure steam sterilization, bunch stripping, digestion, and oil extraction and purification, generate various types of wastes including large quantities of liquid wastes (Setiadi, 2008). The generation of waste by palm oil mills represents another threat to the environment of the palm oil industry. The liquid waste from palm oil mills is often referred to as “palm oil mill effluent (POME)”, which denotes the sum total of liquid waste including various kinds of liquids, residual oil and suspended solids from the palm oil processing (IMOE/JMOE, 2013). In most cases, POME cannot be easily or immediately reprocessed to extract useful products, and thus it is often drained to effluent pits for anaerobic digestion (Ugoji, 1997). However, the limited capacity of effluent pits is a major constraint in treating POME, and it often leads to the emission of incompletely treated POME that can cause environmental pollution (IMOE/JMOE, 2013). Usually, POME is strongly acidic (pH≈ 4); high in biological oxygen demand (≈ 25,000 mg L-1), chemical oxygen demand (≈ 50,000 mg L-1) and oils (≈ 6,000 mg L-1); and contains certain amounts of nutrients such as N, P and K (IMOE/JMOE, 2013). These characteristics of POME represent environmental pollution risks but also indicate its potential as a fertilizer (Ugoji, 1997). Considering the various nutrients included in POME and the limited capacity for waste water treatment in Indonesia (IMOE/JMOE, 2013), the application of POME to agricultural lands can aid in the recycling of bio-wastes, increase food production and reduce the environmental pollution risk related to palm oil processing. However, the strongly acidic nature of POME limits its use in agriculture because untreated or poorly treated POME may have adverse impacts on crop production and soil management. Thus, the use of POME in food crop production requires that the POME receive appropriate treatment, especially amelioration of its acidity, using locally available material and an affordable methodology. We have considered that liming POME’s acidity with dolomite can provide a solution because:(i) dolomite that contains high amounts of Ca and Mg is very useful for liming acidic substances (Dierolf et al., 2001); and (ii) dolomite is locally available at a relatively low price in Indonesia. Thus, dolomite can be advantageous when utilizing POME in agricultural production on Ultisols, soils which cover up to 46 million ha, about 25% of the total land area in Indonesia (Subagyo et al., 2000). Ultisols are deeply weathered, red-colored soils which are formed from various types of parent materials and are inherently low in bases such as Ca and Mg but high in acidity as a result of the intensive chemical weathering of rocks and minerals in a tropical