Anatomic reference axes that determine rotational alignment of the tibial component have
not been established. To assess variability of three anatomic reference axes (a new tibial
anteroposterior axis that we proposed, the transmalleolar axis of the ankle, and the second
metatarsus bone axis of the foot), we measured the angles between a defined
anteroposterior axis of the tibia (a line perpendicular to the transepicondylar axis) and each
of the three axes in 57 knees of healthy subjects using computed tomography scans. The …