Vegetation of channels of the northeastern Okavango Delta, Botswana
WN Ellery, K Ellery, KH Rogers… - African Journal of …, 1990 - Wiley Online Library
African Journal of Ecology, 1990•Wiley Online Library
Plant assemblages rooted within channels, as well as in peat deposits flanking channels, in
the northeastern Okavango Delta have been classified and their distribution related to
environmental conditions. Within‐channel assemblages appeared to be related to the
introduction of sediments from source areas and to differences in channel dimensions
(particularly water depth) and current velocity. Channel margin assemblages appeared to be
related to seasonal and longer‐term water level fluctuations, as well as the extent to which …
the northeastern Okavango Delta have been classified and their distribution related to
environmental conditions. Within‐channel assemblages appeared to be related to the
introduction of sediments from source areas and to differences in channel dimensions
(particularly water depth) and current velocity. Channel margin assemblages appeared to be
related to seasonal and longer‐term water level fluctuations, as well as the extent to which …
Summary
Plant assemblages rooted within channels, as well as in peat deposits flanking channels, in the northeastern Okavango Delta have been classified and their distribution related to environmental conditions. Within‐channel assemblages appeared to be related to the introduction of sediments from source areas and to differences in channel dimensions (particularly water depth) and current velocity. Channel margin assemblages appeared to be related to seasonal and longer‐term water level fluctuations, as well as the extent to which water, introduced from either the catchment or from local rainfall, contributed to the water budget. These two classifications have been combined in a functionally based classification of channels in the study area in which five channel types were recognized; long‐term and short‐term aggradational, primary filter and confined and unconfined outlet channels. Comparison of these channel types with an earlier classification by Wilson (1973) has indicated some degree of correspondence. A number of changes in the spatial distribution of similar channel types have, however, taken place since the earlier study, mainly in the upper reaches of the study area. The reasons for these and possible short‐term future change have been inferred based on the findings in the present study.
Résumé
Les groupements de plantes enracinées dans les chenaux ainsi que dans les dépôts de tourbe bordant les chenaux dans le nord‐est du delta de l'Okavango ont été classés et leur distribution a été mise en rapport avec les conditions du milieu. Les groupements à l'intérieur des chenaux semblent être liés a l'introduction de sédiments provenant de la zone des sources et aux différences de dimension des chenaux (en particulier la profondeur de l'eau) et à la vitesse du courant. Les groupements des rives des chenaux semblent être liés aux fluctuations tout saisonnières qu'à plus long terme du niveau d'eau, de même qu'à la mesure dans laquelle l'eau—qu'elle provienne du bassin hydrographique ou des chutes de pluies—contribue au bilan hydrique. Ces deux classifications ont été combinées en une seule classification fonctionnelle basée sur les cinq types de chenaux identifiés dans la zone d'étude: les aggradationnels de court ou de long termes, les filtres primaires et les chenaux à exutoire libre ou bouché.
La comparaison de ces types de chenaux avec la classification antérieure de Wilson (1973) montre un certain degré de correspondance. Un certain nombre de changements dans la distribution spatiale de types similaires de chenaux ont cependant eu lieu depuis cette étude précédente, principalement dans la partie supérieure de la zone d'étude. Les raisons des changements et ceux qui pourraient survenir sous peu ont été prévues sur base des découvertes de la présente étude.
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