… giant sizes, tests of Cope's rule, and miniaturization on the line … in the macroevolutionary
adaptive landscape for land … and their underlying macroevolutionary adaptive landscape. …

… of an adaptive landscape, with most body size variation emerging after shifts to new
macroevolutionary regimes (analogous to adaptive … sizes among lineages (ie, Cope’s rule), or …

… Adaptive landscapes are a common way of conceptualizing … of trait evolution, inferring adaptive
landscapes from comparative … parameterizations of adaptive landscapes that succeeds in …

… two are consistent with Cope’s rule. First, we find that Cope’s rule applies when species … a
macroevolutionary pattern we call the recurrent Cope’s rule. Third, when interactions between …

… estimates suggest, thereby explaining Cope's rule, then body size … can be interpreted to
support Cope's rule, our results suggest … and its implications for the understanding of Cope's rule. …

… Our findings represent unique support for an adaptive explanation for Cope’s rule, one of
the most enduring and iconic notions in evolutionary biology. The ability to detect and …

… and estimate the topography of the underlying adaptive landscape, I found evidence of an
… on an adaptive landscape with multiple peaks, consistent with classic ideas about adaptive …

… To investigate whether the data support Cope’s rule, we first calculated the median body size
… -appearance age for each species within clades, which by Cope’s rule should be negative. …

… adaptive landscape. It was argued that the regression line between key characters may
represent a 'mountain ridge' on such a landscape … Cope's rule, the island rule and the scaling of …

… Shifts in body size optima would indicate a changing adaptive landscape over evolutionary
time and suggest cases of positive or negative body selection pressures toward different …