… HTLV-1 permissiveness and disease susceptibility that are determined by the genetic
background of HTLV-1 … /TSP was observed among Afro-Caribbean and Afro-Colombian patients …

… obtained from individuals of Afro-Caribbean, African, or Asian ethnic origin, seven HTLV-I-…
from the Caribbean. Overall, these numbers yielded a seroprevalence of HTLV-1 infections …

… Caribbean area was also endemic for HTLV-1. Soon after, ATL patients were reported in the
Caribbean … African origin are highly endemic for HTLV-I infection and associated diseases. …

… A review of HTLV-1 in all Brazilian tribes supports the African origin of HTLV-1 in Brazil. The
risk … Molecular epidemiology of HTLV-1 infection in the Caribbean area as compared to West …

… African origin of PTLV-I that traces back to about 50,000 years ago, and a wide variety of
emerging subtypes of HTLV-1 (HTLV-1a, HTLV-1b, HTLV-1d, and HTLV-… HTLV-If subtype (Fig. …

… of HTLV-I was related to the anthropological background of … regions as Japan, the Caribbean
basin, South America, India, … Africa and the Caribbean basin (we call this the" West African" …

… of HTLV-infected women, we have detected a major African contribution, with a predominance
of Benin and Bantu types. HTLV-1 infection is spread in Bahia and the point of origin was …

… areas for HTLV-1 are Southwestern Japan, the Caribbean region… The origin of this puzzling
geographical (and often ethnic) … among HTLV-1 strains were specific to the geographic origin …

… , in the Australo-Melanesian region and Caribbean region and South America. Citation2,…
In the Americas, the HTLV-1 infection has more than one origin. The most important one, on …

… African descent. No cases were seen in subjects of East Indian descent, who, like those of
African descent… The human type-C retrovirus (HTLV) in blacks from the Caribbean region and …