… In this manuscript, we examine the physiological basis for nongenetic resistance to antibiotics.
We posit that nongenetic antibiotic resistance results from a variety of mechanisms, all of …

… the mechanisms involved in attaining drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria.4-8 We have
selected Mtb H37Rv strain VG and antibiotic resistance … genes in drug resistance mechanisms. …

… The contribution of intrinsic multidrug transporters to the antibiotic resistance was investigated
… forms of resistance, and to study the molecular mechanisms responsible for the spread of …

… available for the identification of resistance genes. Since its introduction in … molecular method
due to its rapidity and simplicity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying antibiotic …

… Several molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance have been identified in
Campylobacter [26,27,28]. One involves mutations in the genetic material which lead to the …

… Bacterial antibiotic resistance has become a formidable problem in … molecular mechanisms
of antibiotic resistance remain elusive, especially for aquatic pathogens. Antibiotic resistance …

… Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a result of classical Darwinian selection. In this review we
… mechanisms for antibiotic resistance and the parameters involved in the spread of resistance…

… The increased recognition of the role of efflux systems in general antibiotic resistance has
led to a search for efflux pump inhibitors as therapeutic adjuncts. Similarly, an understanding …

… The mechanism of resistance in staphylococci was clarified shortly after Kirby 126 recognized
that resistant S. aureus produced a penicillin inactivator; Bondi and Dietz27, 28 identified …

… The purpose of this review is to define and examine the mechanisms of resistance, identify
specific current clinical problems, possible solutions and future developments. Antibiotics …