… Electromyogram (EMG) electrodes were implanted in the neck muscles, soldered to a six-…
For instance, these drugs produced an increase in the percentage of time spent awake, …

… may be useful for intrathecal pain management, but these agents … catheter while the rats
were awake and restrained within … responses from the animal's mimic muscles of the head were …

… pain, and the primacy of the former as a clinical problem, we believe that widespread adoption
of spontaneous pain measures such as the Rat … of behaviors (including muscle twitching, …

… a threshold exceeding 0.6 N (ie above the threshold intensity for eliciting pain when tested
… the awake intact rat, pinch of skin areas outside the depicted receptive field of a muscle may …

… mechanical hyperalgesia observed in awake animals after TNF … of TNF into the normal
masseter muscle in rats evoked a long-… Thus, TNF acts as a pain mediator, and pain relief by TNF …

… in non-restrained awake rats, using theta power as a valid correlate of spontaneous pain, is
… nerve was exposed by separating the surrounding muscles and then loosely ligated with 3 …

… of the rat, may cause the awake rat discomfort and stress. The loss of voluntary muscle control
is … state the electrical stimulation will result in a higher feeling of discomfort or pain from the …

… tibialis anterior muscle or subdermal tissues. In pre-clinical studies, muscle pain was induced
… Conclusion: Clinical studies in awake humans reported that experimentally-induced pain …

… Chronic pain associated with disorders of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and … of the muscle
in a reliable manner across different animals, which is not possible in awake rats. Thus, our …

… Another common feature for skin and muscle pain in the present study was the significant
deactivation in the primary and secondary visual cortex. The reason for this reduction in rCBF …