… patients into groups with homogeneity. The main objective in this article is to review the current
research on low back pain … other investigators for low back pain patients. The relevance …

… % of patients with acute low back pain have persistent pain at 4 … discomfort and at 1 year
only 10% have persistent pain. … of degenerative disease in the patient with back pain is, as this …

… displayed by chronic low-back pain patients during activity were examined as measures of
pain behavior. Exp I (27 chronic low-back pain patients) demonstrated that these behaviors …

… back-pain patients are inclined to protest, the amount of pain very much depends on what the
patient is … This study was performed on 36 back-pain patients, of whom 24 were males and …

… -back pain patients. Two models proposed in the literature, the pain–spasm–pain model
and the pain adaptation model, yield conflicting predictions on how low- back pain would affect …

… In summary, while chronic low back pain patients report using some coping strategies
more often than others, the overall effectiveness of coping strategies is rated as low. …

… To evaluate the extent to which pain interferes with the lives of the pain patients, we asked
the participants to complete the seven interference items of the BPI which, respectively, reflect …

… for strengthening the lumbar extensors and results in decreased pain and improved perceptions
of physical and psychosocial functioning in chronic back pain patients. However, these …

… individuals and in patients with low back pain. In patients with chronic low back pain, medical
… Abnormalities seen in paraspinal muscles from patients with chronic low back pain include …

… This Review summarizes the main aspects of pain measurement from a practical standpoint,
with a specific focus on low back pain. On balance, for the assessment of pain intensity, …