… A greater proportion of normal/fast nicotine metabolizers versus slow nicotine metabolizers
… influence nicotine metabolism (32). In the PATH study, normal/fast metabolizers had an older …

… TNE levels are independent of factors that affect the rate and pattern of nicotine metabolism,
such as genetics, sex, diet, and medication use. Cotinine is the proximate metabolite of …

… , such that higher levels of unmetabolized nicotine appear in the urine. The consequences
… nicotine remain unknown, but it appears likely that lower rates of nicotine metabolism in …

… with decreased puffing and urinary biomarker exposure but not with … the nicotine levels
tested, suggesting that fast metabolizers may not be at greater risk of increasing use or exposure …

… hair nicotine biomarker for assessment of exposure to tobacco smoke, with emphasis on
environmental tobacco … variability of exposure, metabolism, or elimination of nicotine than other …

… approach to assess both, SHS and THS exposures, through … on tobacco smoke biomarkers
from conventional tobacco … about the biomarkers studied in this period of time, metabolism, …

… in nicotine metabolism related … nicotine exposure, as both are tobacco-specific biomarkers
and both were measured from 24-hr urine. In contrast, serum cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, …

… Unlike cotinine, TNE accommodates factors that influence nicotine metabolism and exhibits
strong correlation with several tobacco exposure biomarkers, including hydroxy-PAHs and 4-…

… in rates and patterns of nicotine and cotinine metabolism render the use of nicotine or
cotinine as biomarkers of limited utility; and 6) dietary nicotine exposure may confound low- …

… (3) We expect that biomarkers of exposure to and metabolism of NNN and NNK will help
us to identify individuals who are particularly susceptible to their carcinogenic effects, so that …