… reduce risk factors, as well as to understand the impact of genetics on bladder cancer risk. …
Bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common cancer worldwide with a yearly incidence of …

… The second most common risk factor for bladder cancer is … these individuals at an increased
risk for bladder cancer. … , and bladder stones are at an increased risk for bladder cancer. …

… The aim of this review is to investigate the links between environmental risk factors and
bladder cancer. Examples include the effect of different types of smoking (cigarette, cigar, pipe …

… February and May 2012 for the keywords bladder cancer, incidence, prevalence, risk, risk
factor, and hazard, and one keyword for each risk factor described in the literature retrieved. …

… The strongest risk factor for bladder cancer is tobacco smoking, which accounts for 50–65%
of all cases. Occupational or environmental toxins likewise greatly contribute to disease …

… the National Bladder Cancer Study, we examined associations between suspected bladder
cancer risk factors and tumor stage and grade. Employment in a high-risk occupation was …

Aims and background To summarize risk factors for bladder cancer, emphasizing the role of
recently established associations and to present some ongoing debates on the issue. …

… performed to determine risk factors for bladder cancer. The population attributable risk (AP)
for … beyond the other smoking variables corresponding to a relative risk (RR) of 2.15. The life-…

… with bladder cancer. Due to … risk factors of primary bladder cancer. PubMed, Embase and
Cochrane database were systematically searched for meta-analyses on modifiable risk factors …

… and invasive bladder cancer with the known bladder cancer risk-factors of tobacco use and
… risk for both superficial and invasive bladder cancer. The relative risk for bladder cancer was …