… To provide an overview of the regenerative potential of the different metal ions, the present
review summarizes the knowledge about their involvement in cellular processes and the …

… of metal ions applied to bone regeneration. This review highlights the potential of metal ions
for bone regeneration … the clinical utilization of metal ions using both mechanistic inquiry and …

… and exceptional properties, metal ions have become essential … The use of ions for bone
regenerative medicines has been … the field of bone regenerative therapeutics utilizing ions. This …

… that some metallic ions play an important role in bone metabolism in the human body,
and that bone repair could be enhanced by incorporating these ions into bone substitutes. …

… metal ion clusters in bone regeneration, PPH has been shown to regulate a variety of genes
in the process of bone regeneration… of various bone healing stages, and shortened the bone …

… into bone substitutes for bone regeneration owing to their … However, the role of exosomes in
metallic ion-induced bone … analyzes the effects of metallic ions and metallic ion-incorporated …

… foundational design and fabrication processes, and discuss the structural and biofunctional
enhancements due to ion incorporation in contemporary bone regeneration applications. …

… in the structure of the scaffolds for bone repair applications. Different metal ions could be
doped in BGs to induce specific biological responses. Among these ions, strontium (Sr) is …

… bone regeneration have focused on promoting osteoinductive properties and the ability to
stimulate the bone regeneration … may lead to ectopic or unwanted bone formation. Therefore, …

… Sodium ion plays a vital role in bone mineralization, bone resorption and cell adhesion and
is present to a level of 0.5–1 wt % in biological apatites.26, 27 Only a few studies have been …