… brucei population in the … infection, resulting in the fly tolerance to the infection. The modified
expression of some gene categories in the tsetse salivary glands by a trypanosome infection …

… trypano-tolerance or the existence of trypano-tolerant hosts (mammals that remain infected
but … blood feeding tsetse flies, thus contributing to trypanosome infection transmission. Neither …

… upon macrophage uptake early in infection), but no similar effect is seen in stumpy forms (Nolan
et al., 2000). This correlates with the greater tolerance to high extracellular H + …

… gut infections mature in the case of G. m. morsitans [21]. … brucei challenge early in the
infection process. Given the strong parasite resistance adult flies express, we analyzed teneral flies …

… within their intermediate host, the tsetse fly. At each stage, the … of the insect forms of
Trypanosoma brucei. Six genes encode … ability to establish a heavy infection in the insect midgut is …

… from tsetse fly saliva components to initiate infection and … into an immune-tolerant organ
supporting parasite development (30–… (33) that the presence of tsetse fly saliva allowed a faster …

… brucei, are adapted to transmission without development in tsetse fly, allowing these …
Upon the bite of the mammalian host by trypanosome-infected tsetse fly (Glossina ssp.), the …

… be considered tolerant whereas … brucei infections during which parasites are almost
undetectable in blood are still infective for tsetse flies (50), suggesting that low parasitemic infections …

… to a monkey; 13 flies were isolated but no infected fly was found. Forty-seven days after the
… the tolerant animals the course of the infections with T. rhodesiense and T. brucei was very …

… Only 2% of the experimentally infected flies developed an immature infection (midgut) while
none of the flies developed a metacyclic infection of T. b. brucei in the salivary glands. We …