… mechanism behind the UPR and provides a context to understanding the impact of ER stress
… We review mechanistic aspects of signal transduction by specific UPR stress sensors and …

… It results in ER homeostasis restoration or in cell death. Senescence is a complex cell
phenotype induced by several stresses such as telomere attrition, DNA damage, oxidative stress, …

… reticulum stress has also been connected to autophagic cell death. Autophagy not only promotes
cell survival, but can also mediate nonapoptotic cell … independent autophagic cell death …

… In the sections below, we will discuss molecular mechanisms of ER-stress-induced
apoptosis, meaning cell death mediated directly by signalling pathways responsive to ER stress. …

… in the ER and activate a cellular response that attempts to … of ER stress, however, the protective
mechanisms activated … to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the UPR. Here, …

… If the stress is too severe and in excess, the capacity of these degradation mechanisms,
proteasomal degradation and autophagy, is not sufficient and the cell switches to apoptotic death…

… of the ER causes ER stress, how this stress is sensed, and how this stress signal is
transduced across the ER membrane to initiate cellular and organismal responses to ER stress. …

… is overwhelmed, the cell is said to experience ER stress, a … the causes of ER stress and the
mechanisms by which cells … and cell surface proteins begins at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER…

… known as a cellular mechanism of adaptation to environmental stresses. However, increasing
evidence suggests that the UPR could be central in the control of cellular functions under …

… cellular mechanisms that govern health or disease. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key
organelle for cellular … function, known as “ER stress,” is a key feature of metabolic disorders. …