Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous
system (CNS) with brain neurodegeneration. MS patients present heterogeneous clinical
manifestations in which both genetic and environmental factors are involved. The diagnosis
is very complex due to the high heterogeneity of the pathophysiology of the disease. The
diagnostic criteria have been modified several times over the years. Basically, they include
clinical symptoms, presence of typical lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging …

Although the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) may be clinically suspect and the magnetic
resonance imaging findings compatible, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis remains
mandatory in order to support the diagnosis. This is especially important since our
understanding of the defining disease pathogenesis remains incomplete. However, there is
no specifically diagnostic CSF test. And until recently, laboratory techniques for CSF
analysis had not been rigorously standardized. Unconcentrated CSF without fixative should …