… The modern treatment of chronic heart failure is now largely … in the progression of heart
failure and that inhibition of … Thus, the evolution of treatment for chronic heart failure as a …

… current economic burden of heart failure. We have obtained … Firstly, we discuss the
epidemiology of chronic heart failure. … costs of healthcare expenditure on chronic heart failure, …

… Chronic heart failure (CHF) remains the only cardiovascular … span, with diastolic heart failure
predominating in the elderly … risk of progression of heart failure and sudden death who may …

… The management of heart failure can no longer be confined to … Because the symptoms of
heart failure are only weakly related … the complex of symptoms we call congestive heart failure. …

Background Outcomes related to chronic heart failure (HF) remain relatively poor, despite
advances in pharmacological therapy and medical and nursing care. Experts agree that …

Presents an overview of chronic heart failure. How heart failure has traditionally been regarded;
Focus on the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure due to systolic dysfunction of the …

… understand the mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (HF). There is
a … We discuss the different causes that lead to chronic HF development and how the sum of …

… chronic heart failure. Patients may move between stages/classes in either direction but the
natural history of heart failure … Stage A = “at high risk of HF but without structural heart disease …

… the incidence and prevalence of chronic heart failure have been increasing … in the United
States have chronic heart failure, with 400 000 … 6 Chronic heart failure results in almost 1 million …

Chronic heart failure (CHF) represents a major public health burden, and its prognosis is
comparable to that of different malignant diseases. Our understanding of CHF has developed …