… combination therapy … evolution, resulting in the formation of polyclonal resistance mechanisms,
ultimately promoting cancer progression. Current strategies for targeting clonal evolution …

… clonal populations with highly aberrant genomes and ploidies in a wide variety of solid
tumors. We propose that clonal … study of therapeutic responses and the evolution of resistance. …

… Clonal evolution and … show clonal evolution induced by individual second mutations (Y, Z,
A, B) in the CSC that already bear mutation X and that can be the founders of individual clones …

… Therapeutic intervention may destroy cancer clones and erode their habitats, … of resistant
variants. The inherently Darwinian character of cancer is the primary reason for this therapeutic …

… while clonal evolution may contribute to resistance to therapy… , therapy can accelerate clonal
evolution by selecting a clone (… that confers resistance to the therapeutic agent used (b). The …

… The factor 1 − d/r arises because we consider the conditional mean number of resistant
cancer cells and exclude evolutionary trajectories in which sensitive cancer cells go extinct. …

… contributes to acquired resistance is unknown. This clonal evolutionary process in response
to … diversification underlying acquired BRAF inhibitor resistance represents a key benchmark …

… and resistance. Finally, we will address the clinical implications of clonal evolution in disease
… stratification, evaluation of therapeutic response and management of therapy resistance. …

… -resistant traits. Within this review, we illuminate contemporary insights into the role of clonal
evolution … initiation, disease progression, and the formidable obstacle of therapy resistance. …

… by a reiterative process of genetic diversification and clonal evolution. The … therapy. We
exploited circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to genotype colorectal tumors and track clonal evolution …