… The C2 toxin from Clostridium (C.) botulinum is a binary AB-type protein toxin that ADP-ribosylates
actin in the cytosol of target cells [1,2]. It is composed of two non-linked subunits …

… Clostridium botulinum produces various types of the extremely … and cause botulism. Beside
these neurotoxins, certain strains (types … Cell entry and cytotoxic action of the binary C. …

… from Clostridium botulinum mono-ADP-ribosylates G-actin in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.
This modification leads to depolymerization of actin filaments accompanied by cell rounding …

… , BoNTs were added to neuronal cell lysates in the presence or … To test if Ca 2+ participates
in the entry of toxin into cells, BoNT … The amount of BoNT applied to cells was previously …

… of Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium difficile and Clostridium botulinum
… ι-toxin exhibits slight differences in the cell entry process. While C2-I is translocated into the …

… A combination of features such as neuronal target site, efficient cellular entry, and unique
enzymatic activity lends BoNTs extreme toxicity, with a mouse lethal dose of 0.1 ng/kg [7]. …

… conditions, botulism is acquired by ingestion of preformed BoNT in food (foodborne botulism),
… Indeed, Clostridium botulinum can contaminate and synthesise BoNT in foods, and under …

… botulinum BP3 library entry also had rhizoid to filamentous colonies, we are now convinced
that VPI 1750A represents a pure culture. By CFA analysis, these strains are more closely …

… of botulism, a general muscle weakness, followed by the isolation of Clostridium botulinum
and its neurotoxins (Botulinum … and virulence factors for their entry into host cells (Abrami …

… its own cell entry at low concentrations. C3bot has been fused to the binding and translocation
subunits of diphtheria toxin [59], the binding domain of Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin [60-…