… of cognitive, rather than physical, effort… cognitive effort required for the potentially more
lucrative task. In human laboratory studies aimed at investigating the neurobiological basis of effort…

… Moreover, catecholamine-enhancing psychostimulants alter cognitive effort in rodents (10)
and humans (16). This raises the question of whether so-called “smart drugs” act by …

… Some psychostimulants, especially at high doses and with a rapid route of … on the cognitive
effects of psychostimulants, with particular attention to low doses associated with cognitive …

… Our group has recently validated a rodent Cognitive Effort Task (rCET), … cognitive effort to
earn greater rewards is a key determinant of drug response. For example, the psychostimulant …

… effects. In this paper we call into question the assumption that these sizeable perceived
effects are purely cognitive. … effects of stimulants are at least as important as the cognitive …

… preference for investing effort for reward. A, The cognitive effort task required participants to
… The physical effort task was identical to the cognitive effort task with respect to trial durations …

… In rats, exerting a cognitive effort immediately before access to cocaine self-administration …
cognitive effort increased the psychostimulant effect of cocaine. The effects of cognitive effort …

… effort in rats. ► We tested effects of 200 mg caffeine on willingness to exert effort in humans.
… Caffeine sped performance, but did not affect willingness to exert effort. ► Stimulant …

… and neuroscientific theories of cognitive effort. Then we … than do traditional markers of cognitive
effort, including self-reports … toward understanding the cognitive and neural mechanisms …

… that baseline willingness to exert effort moderates the effects of stimulants on effort [29], we
… Dopamine promotes cognitive effort by biasing the benefits versus costs of cognitive work. …