… Community compulsion was introduced in England and Wales as community treatment
orders (CTOs) in 2008, … Little is known about the nature and operation of informal coercion. …

… Background: Community treatment orders (CTOs) are being … subject to coercive care to
ensure compliance with their treatment. … to patient experiences of formal and informal coercion. …

Objective: Community treatment orders (CTOs) exist in more than 75 jurisdictions worldwide.
This review outlines findings from the international literature on CTO effectiveness. Method: …

… include coercive community practices such as mandated community treatment orders (CTOs).
This paper examines the perceptions of coercion among service users treated with a CTO. …

… of compulsory psychiatric community treatment orders (CTOs… ethical implications of coercing
patients to receive treatment. … and recovery-focused community care. This review examined …

… She is a medical sociologist who specialises in the study of coercion in mental healthcare
and informal family caregiving. Tom Burns is Professor Emeritus in the Department of …

… to a community treatment order (CTO) if they are deemed to need ongoing compulsion
following a hospital admission under sections 3 or 37 of the Act (treatment orders). The order …

… community treatment orders (CTOs) are by international standards, high in Norway [1–3]. The
use of coercion … blurred distinction between formal and informal coercion by referring to the …

… It also examined the perspectives of informal family members … as one method for reducing
coercion within the mental health … , encouraging less use of coercive practices, and improving …

… Fifty-three per cent of patients felt that they were, on balance, better off when treated
informally in the community. Patients described greater coercion and less satisfaction with care …