… During the work cycle of elongation, the ribosome, a molecular … Single-particle cryogenic
electron microscopy (cryo-EM), … With these capabilities, single-particle cryo-EM has been at …

… and the kinetic analysis of both elongation factors (Rodnina et al., 1997; Pape et al., 1998,
1999), we suggest a new model for the elongation cycle of translation. The small subunit is the …

… elongation of the polypeptide chain by addition of one amino acid is a cyclic process (elongation
cycle… In this ‘‘starting position’’ of the translation process, the putative path of the mRNA …

… This process, called termination of translation, is under strong selection pressure for high …
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) then showed that ribosome bound RF1 and RF2 have …

… by messenger RNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids. This process is terminated
… suggested correlated changes at the GAC and the PTC during the termination process 11 . …

… of tRNA and elongation factors during the elongation cycle of protein synthesis. The
ribosome map and the 3-D positions of the ligand molecules are based on several cryo-EM …

… The elongation cycle of protein synthesis consists of three basic steps: A-site occupation, …
translation elongation, correlating nicely with the observed contacts in the cryo-EM images. …

… The elongation cycle of protein biosynthesis on the ribosome entails three successive steps:
(i… translational elongation factor EF-G in the ribosome by direct hydroxyl radical probing. Cell …

… the movement of tRNA(s) and mRNA relative to the ribosome, a process that is necessary
for the translation of the subsequent codon on the mRNA during each elongation cycle …

… is the binding of functional ligands during the elongation cycle. tRNA has multiple binding
sites, … Cryo-electron microscopy of the translational apparatus: experimental evidence for the …