… This review will discuss the roles of key cytokines in different stages of atherosclerosis. … of
the roles of cytokines in the cellular processes associated with atherosclerosis, the major focus …

… Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the arterial wall where … Inflammation is central at all
stages of atherosclerosis. It is … Cells involved in the atherosclerotic process secrete and are …

… the key role cytokines play during disease progression as … A brief description of the key
cytokines involved in atherosclerosis … of the key cytokines and their roles in the different stages of …

… exacerbate atherosclerotic disease, whereas T H 2 cytokines … and can counteract T H 1
cytokine activity/production. Notably, … of atherosclerosis may not be true at all stages of plaque …

… At a more advanced stage of the disease (Figure 2), proinflammatory cytokines destabilize
atherosclerotic plaques by promoting cell apoptosis and matrix degradation. Macrophage …

… cytokine production is caused by the course of the disease and upregulates the development
of atherosclerosis [… At the late stages of atherosclerosis, proinflammatory cytokines lead to …

… pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, … cytokines in the process of atherogenesis and to discuss
the prognostic significance of these cytokines in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. …

… thought to be involved in atherosclerosis, such as adhesion molecules, cytokines, matrix …
interactions are involved at all stages of atherosclerotic disease. From a mechanistic standpoint, …

… cytokines in experimental atherosclerosis revealed that the cytokine system is complex with
both disease stage… an overview of the main cytokines involved in atherosclerosis and to shed …

… Gene targeting of TNF leads to reduced atherosclerosis [21]. The related cytokine lymphotoxin
is also … , T cells, NKT cells, dendritic cells and mast cells – infiltrate lesions at all stages. …