… The next question that naturally arises, then, is: should we think of phenotypic integration
as an adaptation or as a constraint? Most early authors studying integration, from Olson and …

… concerning evolution at and above the species level revolve around the issue of … phenotypic
integration through time. However, macroevolutionary studies in general and evolutionary …

… to shape morphological evolution, and we extended simulations to confirm that trait integration
can … We further demonstrate that phenotypic integration can produce both more and less …

… integrated during development to maximise the fit of the phenotype to current ecological (including
social) conditions. Such integration will be favoured by Darwinian selection if the cue …

… Yet, studies of phenotypic integration have been in the background of evolutionary
ecological … of current thinking on phenotypic integration discussed in this book include these: …

… In summary, it is argued that our understanding of the evolution of phenotypic integration
will … to phenotype map, and consider how selection acts on complex functional phenotypes. …

… ecological characteristics (which included biogeography) of the species we examined and
patterns of phenotypic integration. … are most likely due to evolution of specific components of …

… Phenotypic integration refers to the relationships among multiple characters of a complex
phenotype… In this review, I summarize a brief history of the concept of phenotypic integration in …

… We also discuss how integration and modularity might evolve. … the evolution of ‘statistical’
integration here. Instead, we focus on the evolution of variational and developmental integration…

… dynamics, studying the elemental phenotypes can contribute to our understanding of the
nature of eco-evolutionary feedbacks. Ecological stoichiometry has generated new insights into …