… unravel the mechanisms underlying ECM symbioses at the molecular scale, we will need to
incorporate the effect of biotic complexity at the ecological scale. While the ECM symbiosis is …

… insights can be integrated into a model of the development of ectomycorrhizal symbioses. …
genomic data, the study of the evolution of the ectomycorrhizal lifestyle and the mechanisms of …

… However, many mechanisms seem very specific to one symbiosis or the other (Fig. 4). With
the recent release of several ECM genomes combined with the development of molecular …

… , living within plant roots as symbionts and, at the same time, … In this contribution, we will
focus on ECM fungal mechanisms … in plant adaptation to mycorrhizal symbiosis become visible. …

… To avoid fungal parasitism, the plant seems to have developed mechanisms to control
carbohydrate drain towards the fungal partner and link it to the fungus-derived mineral nutrition. In …

… on the relative contributions of different mechanisms rather than to search for a single ‘holy-grail…
Two different scenarios of partner control in the ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) symbiosis. …

… an innate immunity response has not yet been revealed, but as it is a rather general
mechanism, we may suggest that it takes place upon root–ECM fungus interaction. The fact that …

… This indicates that dual mycorrhizal symbiosis may secure the plant host with sufficient
nutrients and plants can optimise among the mycorrhiza types or even among fungal individuals (…

… required for establishment of symbiosis 11,12 . Mycorrhizal symbioses have arisen repeatedly
… It is not known whether these symbioses share the genomic features found in L. bicolor 4 …

… temperate forests is the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. This symbiosis involves mushroom-forming …
We specifically highlight the molecular mechanisms driving the acquisition, translocation …