… studies, and even educational attainment is only sometimes … alcohol intake and later-life
cognition, we hypothesize that the observed relationship between alcohol intake and cognition …

… attainment, but could also reflect parental alcohol intake 23. We speculate that educational
attainment in early life could be on a causal pathway between alcohol intake and cognition, …

… In addition to age, sex, educational level, and recruitment status, we also examined
smoking and depressive symptoms. For these analyses, participants were classified as ever-…

… For the covariates, educational attainment was included as a binary variable (with or without
a degree). BMI was included as two binary variables (normal <24.9 kg/m 2 compared to …

… midlife alcohol consumption and cognitive functioning during … of moderate alcohol consumption
for cognitive functioning later … educational attainment according to alcohol consumption …

… between moderate drinking of alcohol and some aspect of cognition. Two types of papers …
, allowed cognition in drinkers to be rated as “better,” “no different,” or “worse” than cognition in …

… usually taken with meals) and significance remained after additional analysis using EA
instruments with SNPs nominally associated with either cognition or income suggest that EA may …

… Our data suggest that alcohol intake three to four times per week or low levels of drinks
per week through midlife and into later life confer the best cognitive outcomes in old age, as …

… , our base alcohol variable was early alcohol use, which was defined as the onset of alcohol
use … For example, cognitive ability has been implicated in both substance use disorders and …

… Men tended to be younger (p < 0.01) and have higher levels of educational attainment (p <
0.01) than women (Table 3). In addition, men were more likely to be married (p < 0.01), have …