… in innate immune responses in … the molecular evolution of innate immune systems. In
keeping with the theme of this journal issue we will focus on the evolutionary origins of molecules …

Antimicrobial peptides are effector molecules of innate immunity that provide a first line of
defense against pathogens. In mammals, they are stored in granules of leukocytes and are …

… to the immune system, they do express a multitude of receptors involved in innate immunity
… an overview of the effector molecules, cells, and cytokines of the innate immune system that …

… Together, these physical and chemical components of innate immunity are … innate immunity
of the mammalian intestine [5] and this review will focus on a key group of such molecules…

… immune system it is an effector molecule, which is recognized by and activates the innate
immune … -37 is a multifunctional modulator of innate immune responses, its ability to neutralize …

… functions such as interaction with host innate immune receptors. To investigate this … innate
immune recognition of Mtb and had a major effect on the role of these lipids as direct effectors …

Interleukin (IL)‐17 is a proinflammatory cytokine which induces differentiation and migration
of neutrophils through induction of cytokines and chemokines including granulocyte‐colony …

… effector molecules found in innate immunity. As there is also a specificity requirement, the
effectors … Thus, even when nitric oxide is an effector molecule, it does not show specificity for …

… effectors whose mechanism of action is known. Additionally, we compare methods to identify
and characterize effector molecules… understand the innate immune system of higher plants. …

… of the innate immune system … Effectors are microbe-derived molecules whose intrinsic
activities are to interact with and thus ‘affect’ the host. Plant pathogens secrete a suite of effectors …