… of electricity on bone growth and fracture repair, and a variety of pulsed electromagnetic field
(PEMF) devices have been developed to produce electromagnetic fields at the fracture site. …

… For many years electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been used clinically with various … on
human osteoblasts' and osteoclasts' viability and function. Primary human osteoblasts and …

… pulsed electric fields on cellular proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and matrix protein
synthesis of osteoblast-… This simultaneous growth of the organic extracellular matrix further …

… morphogenetic protein, transforming growth factor β, and Wnt … Pulsed electromagnetic fields
affect osteoblast proliferation … Pulsed electromagnetic fields affect osteoblast proliferation …

… when the osteoblast-… electromagnetic field interaction (14,15), it is reasonable to postulate
that PEMF also acts on membrane growth factors and hormone receptors in human osteoblast-…

… growth factors. Somewhat different experiments, using electric instead of electromagnetic
fields… ]thymidine incorporation when exposed to a 10 Hz sinusoidal electric field (10 mV/m), in a …

… for calculating subsequent osteoblast population growth. We report the growth curves for
pulsed osteoblasts measured from the MTT assay as a percentage of growth compared to the …

… known to be involved in bone growth and repair, the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) …
expression after stimulation with electromagnetic field in human osteoblastic cells, which …

… Noteworthy, 50 Hz SEMF stimulation increased the expression of the late osteoblastic
marker osteocalcin and the pro-osteogenic growth factor bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) …

… Effects of BMP‐2 and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on rat primary osteoblastic
cell proliferation and gene expression. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2007,25(9):1213-20. …