The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of financial development, human
capital, globalization, and renewable energy consumption on ecological and carbon footprint…

… that the impact of environmental and social sustainability initiatives would reflect on …
We identify the main challenges in estimating the causal effect of sustainability initiatives on …

… with the estimates in Table 8. Finally, the study estimates the Granger causality test as … It
is revealed that across the observed estimates, a bidirectional causality exists between CO 2 …

… Contrary to the traditional Granger causality test, the estimation technique used in this …
estimated models, we examined the stability of the parameters within the time series estimation …

… of the estimation of the … estimator by utilizing the FMOLS and DOLS estimators, which were
depicted in Table 6. Also, the FMOLS and DOLS outcomes are similar to the ARDL estimator’…

… of causality will provide an important basis for policy recommendations. Hence, to investigate
the causal … causality tests after estimating causalities for the variable sets of Model 1 and 2. …

… to be estimated and e it is the environmental tax (if testing for causality running the opposite
… are negative when causality runs to the environmental taxes indicating stability although the …

… estimation technique which more efficiently solves the problems of endogeneity and omitted
variable bias than least squares and causal estimation … that environmental sustainability …

… negative relationship between the environmental aspect of sustainability and financial …
causal relationship in the OLS estimation, we estimate the relationship between the CSRHUB …

… –environment crisis whereby sustainability is put at ever greater risk due to a reduced motivation
for pro-environmental … Our results and the wide diversity of monetary value estimates for …